Dossier of regulations of the Attic deme of Paiania
Date :
ca. 450-425 BC
Justification: lettering (Jameson).
Provenance
Paiania . Found in the deme near Athens (modern Liopesi). The fragment is now in the Epigraphical Museum in Athens (inv. no. 13263).
Support
An opisthographic stele, inscribed on two faces, A and B; worn and damaged, but relatively intact except for the top and bottom which are broken.
- Height: 81.5 cm
- Width: 37.3 cm
- Depth: 6.3 cm
Layout
Not stoichedon and letters described as satis inurbanae by Jameson (i.e. probably not inscribed by an 'official' or professional Athenian cutter), 1-1.8 mm high.
Bibliography
Edition here based on Takeuchi 2021, with some variations. We do not underdot or underline letters which were previously visible to earlier editors, such as Jameson. For the restoration of Matthaiou and Takeuchi in lines B35-37, which is not fully adopted here, cf. the commentary ad loc. In lines B13-14 and 21, the letters or words coming after | were inscribed on the lateral side of the stele, as a marginal continuation of the text.
Other edition: Jameson (ap. Lewis) IG I³ 250.
Cf. also: Sokolowski LSS 18; AIO , with English translation and commentary.
Further bibliography: Nilsson 1944; Georgoudi 1994; Humphreys 2004: 154-155, with other detailed comments; Zografou 2004; Bremmer 2005a; Parker 2005a: 340 with n. 55; Takeuchi 2010-2013: 97-101; Veneciano 2014; Matthaiou 2015: 24-26 no. 2.
Text
Face A
[..?..][........c.15.......]ΟΔ[.]
[......c.12......] ἐὰν δέ τ-
[ις τούτον τι ποι]ε̑ι τινέτο
[......c.11.....] το̑ι δέμο-
5[ι ....c.7...] hιέρειαν πα-
[ρέχεν vvvv]+ροισι καὶ hεφ-
[σανὰ καὶ ὀ]πτανά ⋮ Ἀνθεί[ο]-
ισι καὶ Πρ[ε]ροσίοις ὀβολ-
ὸς ⋮ χαλκίον· ῥαβδοχε̑ν τὸς
10hιεροποιὸς καὶ hὸς ἂν κελ-
εύοσιν· τὰ χσυγγεγραμμ-
ένα μὲ ἐ̑ναι ἀναφσεφίσα[ι],
ἐὰμ μὲ hεκατὸν παρο̑σιν
το̑ν δεμοτο̑ν vacat
15τε̑ιδε χοῖρος ⋮ ἐς τὸ Ἐλευ-
σίνιον Δαίραι ἀμνὲ ⋮ πρε-
ρόαρχος vvv ⋮ ἐς τὸ Ἐλευσί-
νιον ⋮ πρεροσίον τέλεον
θε̑λυ χοῖρος ἄρρεν [⋮] ἀπόμε-
20τρα τεταρτεύς ⋮ τε̑ιδε hε-
μιτετάρτεον vv ⋮ πρεροσ-
ιάδον χριθο̑ν hύε δύο
ἄρρεν καὶ θέλεια ⋮ ἀπόμ-
ετρα [⋮] τεταρτεύς ⋮ τε̑ιδε
25hεμιτετάρτεον vacat
ἐς τὸ Ἐλευσίνιον ⋮ Χλοα-
ῖα χοίρο ἄρρεν καὶ θέλει-
α ⋮ ἀπόμετρα ⋮ τρε̑ς ⋮ ∣∣∣ vv
ἐς Ἄνθεια hῦς κριτὲ{ν} v
30κύοσα χοῖρος ⋮ ἄρρεν ⋮ ἀπ-
όμετρα [⋮] τεταρτεύς ⋮ τε̑-
ιδε hεμιτετάρτεον vv
vacat
⟦ΛΕ..Ε.Ρ...Ο...c.5..Ο.⟧
35⟦.........c.18.........⟧
⟦θέλ[ε]ια Ε......c.11.....⟧
[...]ΕΙ[...c.5..]h[.]ΤΟΣ[..]Ε[..]
vacat
Face B
[..?..][..]ΤΕ[.......c.13...... ἀπ]-
[ό]μετρα [τεταρτεύς ⋮ τε̑ι]-
δε v hεμιτ[ετάρτεον vv]
πρεροσιάδ[ον χριθο̑ν v]
5hύε δύο θέ[λεια ⋮ ἄρρεν]
ἀπόμετρα [τεταρτε]-
ύς [⋮] τε̑ιδε hεμι[τετάρτε]-
ον Ε[.......c.13...... ἐς]
τὸ Ἐλευσίνιον [...c.6...]
10ΕΑ[..]Μ[.......c.13......]
[...]Π[..]Δ[...c.6...]«ΟΝΛΕ[..]»
Α[.........c.17........]
δύο θέλεια ἄ[ρ]ρ[εν] «[ἀ]πόμ»|ετρα
hεκάτ[ες (?)......c.11.....]| τρε̑ς
15ΤΕΛ[......c.12......]ΙΔΟ[.]
ΑΡ[.]ΕΝ[...c.6...]Ο[...c.5..]
Ρ[.........c.17........]
ΕΚΘ[........c.15.......]
Ε[.........c.17........]
20ἀπόμ[ετρ]α [.....c.10.....]
ον ⋮ [...c.6...]⟦....c.8.... Θ . Ο⟧«τέ»|λεον
«Διὶ hερκ[εί]οι Ι [το]»-
ῖν θεοῖν [....c.7... τέλε]-
ον θε̑[λυ χοῖρος (?) ἀπ]ό[μετρ]-
25α τετ[αρτεύς ⋮ τε̑ι]δ[ε hε]μ[ι]-
τετάρ[τ]εο[ν ...c.6...]Θ[...]
hῦς [..]ο[.....c.9....] χο[ῖ]-
ρος [..c.4.. ἀπόμετ]ρα τε-
ταρ[τεύς ⋮ τε̑ιδε] h[ε]μιτετ-
30άρτεο[ν] ⋮ [ἐς τὸ Ἐλ]ευσίνιον
Χλοα[ῖα χοί]ρο θέλεια ⋮ ἄρρε-
ν ⋮ ἀπό[με]τρα ⋮ τρε̑ς ⋮ ∣∣∣ vvv
hεκάτες ⋮ hιερείαι ⋮ hο̑ν ἂν τ-
ε̑ι ⋮ hεκάτει θύεται ⋮ διδόνα[ι]
35[κ]ολε̑ν, πλευρόν vv ⋮ ζακορε[..]
[.]ΟΣΑΝ φέρει καταλείπεν [..]
[...]ΝΟΣΚΑΙΑΘΑΡΕΣΚΟΤ[..c.4..]
[......c.11.....]ΤΙΣΑΜ[...c.6...]
[..?..]
Translation
Face A
[...] if someone does [one of these things], let him pay [...] to the people [...] (5) the priestess provides for [...]: boiled meat and roasted meat (or: meat for boiling and for roasting); for the Antheia and Prerosia: spits for roasting; a bronze vase; (10) the hieropoi and whomever they command are to carry rods. It is not possible to put these writings again to the vote without the presence of hundred demesmen.
(15) Here (i.e. in Paiania?), a piglet; into the Eleusinion, for Daira, a female lamb, leader-of-the-Prerosia (?); into the Eleusinion, for the Prerosia, an adult female animal, a male piglet; priestly prerogative, (20) a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure for the barley grains of the Prerosia, two pigs, one male and one female; priestly prerogative, a quarter measure; here, (25) a half-quarter measure.
Into the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, a pair of piglets, one male and one female; priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae and 3 obols.
For the Antheia, (30) a selected pregnant sow, a male piglet; priestly prerogatives, a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure. [...]
Face B
[...] priestly prerogatives, [a quarter measure ...]; here, a half-quarter measure; for the pre-ploughing [barley grains], (5) two pigs, [one female and one male]; priestly prerogatives, a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure; [...] into the Eleusinion [... (10) ...] two, female and male [...] priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae (15) [...] (20) priestly prerogatives [...] an adult (animal); for Zeus Herkeios [...]; for the Two Goddesses [...] an adult female animal, [a piglet?]; [priestly prerogatives], (25) a quarter measure; [here, a half-]quarter measure [...] a sow (?) [...] a piglet [... priestly prerogatives], a quarter measure; [here, a half-]quarter (30) measure; into the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, a pair of piglets, one female, one male; priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae and 3 obols.
Give to the priestess of Hekate, from whichever animal is sacrificed to Hekate, (35) a thigh, a side. Zakoros [...] brings, leave behind (?) [...]
Traduction
Face A
[...] si quelqu’un [fait l’une de ces choses], qu’il paie [...] au peuple [...]. (5) Que la prêtresse [... fournisse], pour [...] des morceaux de viande bouillie et rôtie (ou de la viande à bouillir et à rôtir); pour les Antheia et les Prerosia, des broches et un vase en bronze; (10) que les hiéropes et ceux à qui ils l’ordonneront portent les baguettes. Qu’il ne soit pas possible de remettre aux voix les prescriptions si cent démotes ne sont pas présents.
(15) Ici (c'est-à-dire à Paiania ?), un porcelet; à l’Éleusinion, pour Daira, une agnelle qui mène la procession des Prerosia (?); à l’Éleusinion, une femelle adulte pour les Prerosia, un porcelet mâle; comme émoluments, (20) un quart; ici, un demi-quart d’orge des Prerosia, deux porcs, un mâle et une femelle; comme émoluments, un quart; ici, (25) un demi-quart.
À l’Éleusinion, pour les Chloia, des porcelets, un mâle et une femelle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes et 3 oboles.
Pour les Antheia, (30) une truie pleine sélectionnée, un porcelet mâle; comme émoluments, un quart; ici un demi-quart. [...]
Face B
[...] comme émoluments, [un quart ...]; ici, un demi-quart ; [pour les orges] des Prerosia, (5) deux porcs, [un mâle et une femelle]; comme émoluments, [un quart]; ici, un demi-quart [...]. À l’Éleusinion [... (10) ...] deux, femelle et mâle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes (15) [...] (20) comme émoluments [...] un (animal) adulte; à Zeus Herkeios [...]; aux Deux Déesses [...] un animal femelle adulte, [un porcelet ?], [comme émoluments] (25) un quart; [ici un demi-]quart; [...] une truie (?) [...] un porcelet [... comme émoluments] un quart; [ici un demi-]quart; (30) à l’Éleusinion, pour les Chloia, des porcelets, une femelle et un mâle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes et 3 oboles.
Donner à la prêtresse d’Hécate, des animaux que l'on sacrifie à Hécate, (35) une cuisse, une côte; zakore [...] apporte, laisser [...].
Commentary
The front face (A) of the stele can be identified as such because it seems to preserve the end of a decree of the demesmen of (Lower) Paiania concerning sacred duties (lines A1-14). This concludes with an injunction clause (on this type of clause, see Veneciano). This decree is followed by a type of sacrificial account from A15 on, which continues on the other side (B). This part of the document is probably not to be strictly seen as a calendar, as some have argued (cf. also Humphreys), since it may only preserve a loose agricultural or natural sequence. On side A, this is: Prerosia - Chloia (here: Chloaia) - Antheia. That sequence is certainly quite suggestive for a rural Attic deme: first the preparations for the ploughing and this preliminary or "pre-Ploughing" festival occurs (the literal meaning of the Prerosia); then a celebration of the budding green of plants (Chloia); and finally an occasion concerning the blooming of plants (Antheia, perhaps esp. of barley and wheat). For these festivals, see Parker (Appendix I). But it is not clear what exact chronological sequence this would have presented in the Athenian calendar, since no precise dates are mentioned. Side B may echo this apparent order but also appears less specifically calendrical: the Prerosia is alluded to in B4 and the Chloia is only mentioned much later, in B31. In fact, the list of festivals preserved in the end of the decree on side A, lines 6-8, does not appear to be chronological (the Antheia are listed before the Prerosia).
Beyond the provision of sacrificial animals for major rites, part of the focus of the document appears to be accounting of priestly prerogatives, here called apometra for priestesses (usually payable in kind, except, remarkably, in the case of the Chloia, where cash is given instead). The end of side B, lines 32-36, appears to be solely concerned with priestly prerogatives during a sacrifice to Hekate. Most of the the deities explicitly mentioned in the document are feminine (Da(e)ira and Hekate; cf. B23 for the Two Goddesses, i.e. Demeter and Kore) and the festivals likewise belong to female cults, specifically those of Demeter and Kore (see below on A18-19, 26-28, and 29-32). It may therefore be surmised that the purpose of the account was to specify the particularities and financing of female and agricultural cults in the deme of Paiania.
The repetitive style of the account helps to provide many of the restorations to the badly preserved text on side B, by comparison with side A, but perhaps some of these supplements are not as assured as they might seem at first glance. A further piece of the puzzle is the enigmatic deictic in the account: τε̑ιδε, starting in line A15 and passim. Two possible interpretations are: 1) taking this word as the adverbial "here" (so Humphreys); 2) interpreting it as a female recipient in the dative. Nilsson suggested that τε̑ιδε may designate a priestess and could be a direct reference to the one mentioned explictly in the decree, cf. A5. This is perhaps conceivable, but difficult to reconcile with the sacrifice of a piglet in A15 and the fact that priestly prerogatives are often distinguished in the text from those accorded τε̑ιδε. Sokolowski makes a case for Kourotrophos being the implied female recipient, adducing notably the frequency of this form of sacrifice to the goddess in the calendar of Erchia, CGRN 52 (passim). This is difficult to imagine and would imply that the whole stele somehow implied a reference to the cult of Kourotrophos. It would also be surprising to find half-quarter measures, presumably of grain, given to this figure throughout the account (these rather seem to be smaller perquisites given locally). If the referent behind τε̑ιδε were indeed a goddess, then Demeter herself seems a much likelier option. By contrast, the first interpretation, namely that τε̑ιδε is being used adverbially, has much to recommend it and has been more widely adopted (cf. now Takeuchi 2021). This reading assumes a fairly straightforward point of reference: an implicit place, such as Paiania itself and probably one of its sanctuaries, in which the stele would have been located, rather than a goddess. That being said, the place and the goddess(es) will of course have been closely associated with one another. This interpretation also coheres with the regular pendant to τε̑ιδε in the inscription, the phrase ἐς τὸ Ἐλευσίνιον, which is also spatial (and which probably implies a verb of sacrifice and conveyance such as φέρεν). The Eleusinion was perhaps that of the deme itself (Jameson), or rather the one in the city of Athens (Humphreys), which would then form an apt contrast with τε̑ιδε, perhaps implicitly the local Eleusinion in Paiania. Nevertheless, in this view the phrase in A15 remains rather underdetermined, since we can only infer to which recipient the piglet is being offered (presumably Demeter, but contrast the explicit mention of Daira which immediately follows). No definitive solution may be possible: the exact point of reference may have been made explicit in the decree partially preserved on side A and certainly by the context of the monument.
Face A
Lines A5-9: This clause introduces a series of provisions required of a local priestess during certain festivals, namely to provide meat for roasting and boiling, as well as cultic equipment for the deme during the relevant celebrations. Earlier readings perceived a mention of the Skira in line A6, but this is now cautioned; the exact occasion that was mentioned is now lost. The Antheia is a festival relating to the flowering of grain; see below, also on the Prerosia.
Lines A9-11: The carrying of rods seems to entail that the hieropoioi are to act with official insignia and as arbitors (cf. also Humphreys, "marshals").
Line A16: On the cult of Da(e)ira in Attica, see CGRN 56, col. II, line 12 (receiving a pregnant ewe). Here she receives a lamb, which is qualified with the novel adjective πρερόαρχος, presumably implying that this offering inaugurates the Prerosia and "leads the plough", so to speak (compare the term βόαρχος, for an ox leading a group of sacrificial animals in a procession: CGRN 8, line 5). On the local and obscure character of the goddess, see Parker and LSJ s.v.
Lines A18-19: The Prerosia is pre-ploughing festival of Demeter which is attested in several demes, where it occurred at different times of the Athenian year, usually in the Fall or the early Spring: cf. CGRN 94 (Eleusis), line A9; CGRN 32 (Thorikos), lines 5 and 13; as well as in Piraeus CGRN 78, line 10; see also Hsch. s.v. Πρηροσία. It is probable that the adult female sheep is to be sacrificed to Demeter, while the male piglet may be attributed to Kore (who sometimes receives male animals) or another figure.
Lines A26-28: For the Chloia, see also CGRN 32, line 38; cf. also Hsch. s.v. χλοιά· ἑορτὴ ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν. A pair of male and female piglets are to be sacrificed, likely at least the female one for Demeter who normally receives female animals (Kore, by contrast, can receive male ones: cf. LSCG 63, Laconia, lines 12-14). This instruction is repeated almost verbatim in B30-32.
Lines A29-32: Very infrequently attested, the Antheia appear to be another festival in honour of Demeter and perhaps Kore, cf. CGRN 32, line 44. Demeter is almost assured as the recipient of the pregnant sow, cf. CGRN 156 (Mykonos), line 12 and CGRN 222 (Andania), lines 33 and 68, among many other parallels. On the sacrifice of pregnant animals, see Georgoudi and, for a useful collection of evidence, Bremmer. Again, the male piglet will likely have been offered to Kore (though another associated figure is not impossible).
Face B
Lines B21-25: A significant rasura in B21-22 has been used to correct a portion of the account here and some of its contents appear to differ from the preserved remainder of the repetitive account. An adult animal is apparently specified, for the deity or deities missing in the preceding lacuna in B21. Next, Zeus Herkeios was added in a rasura, probably followed by an offering. The presence of this god among the goddesses of the account is not surprising: Zeus Herkeios also appears with Demeter and Kourotrophos at Thorikos, CGRN 32, line 22 (month Boedromion), as well as alongside Themis, Demeter and Persephone in the civic sacrificial calendar of Athens, CGRN 45, Face A, fr. 3, col. 1-3, lines 60-64 (Eleusinia?), with commentary. See Takeuchi for further comparanda and some discussion. In the next line in the regulation from Paiania, again following Takeuchi's reading, the "Two Goddesses", Demeter and Kore, appear; these goddess seem to have been the recipients of the offerings listed in the following lines (B24-25).
Line B33-37: These lines, and perhaps some of the fragmentary ones following, define the perquisites of the priestess of Hekate. This appears to be a brief form of regulation that is appended to the account, with verbal forms (θύεται, διδόναι, φέρει, καταλείπεν) which are not found above. The priestly perquisites given are standard ones in Athens; for the thigh and the side, see esp. CGRN 103, line 5. The remaining fragments appear perhaps to mention a zakoros, a temple-attendant (cf. νεωκόρος), as well as further ritual obligations. Takeuchi (see already 2010-2013) and Matthaiou read B36-37 as καταλείπεν [κα|ὶ ἔτ]ν̣ος κα̣ὶ̣ ἀ̣θάρες κο̣τ̣[ύλην/λας]. According to this reading, the zakoros might have been instructed to leave behind some (measures of) soup and gruel for Hekate. For ἔτνος, see also CGRN 7, Face A, line 38; for the standard small meals (δεῖπνα) offered to Hekate, see Zografou. The use of the verb καταλείπεν in a ritual context is not unproblematic, however, and perhaps remains to be more adequately explained.
Publication
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License 4.0 .
All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN25), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).
Authors
- Jan-Mathieu Carbon
- Saskia Peels
- Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge
How To Cite
Brief citation of the Greek text : CGRN 25, lines x-x.
Reference to the file as a critical study of the inscription : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels et Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge,
"CGRN 25: Dossier of regulations of the Attic deme of Paiania", in Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on April 19, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.philo.ulg.ac.be/file/25/; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN25.
Full citation of the CGRN in a list of abbreviations or a bibliography is the following : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on April 19, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN0.
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<p><origDate notBefore="-0450" notAfter="-0425">ca. 450-425 BC</origDate></p>
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<head>Bibliography</head>
<p>Edition here based on <bibl type="author_date" n="Takeuchi 2021">Takeuchi 2021</bibl>, with some variations. We do not underdot or underline letters which were previously visible to earlier editors, such as Jameson. For the restoration of Matthaiou and Takeuchi in lines B35-37, which is not fully adopted here, cf. the commentary ad loc. In lines B13-14 and 21, the letters or words coming after | were inscribed on the lateral side of the stele, as a marginal continuation of the text.</p>
<p>Other edition: Jameson (ap. Lewis) <bibl type="abbr" n="IG I³">IG I³</bibl> 250.</p>
<p>Cf. also:
Sokolowski <bibl type="abbr" n="LSS">LSS</bibl> 18;
<ref target="https://www.atticinscriptions.com/inscription/IGI3/250" type="external">AIO</ref>, with English translation and commentary.</p>
<p>Further bibliography:
<bibl type="author_date" n="Nilsson 1944">Nilsson 1944</bibl>;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Georgoudi 1994">Georgoudi 1994</bibl>;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Humphreys 2004">Humphreys 2004</bibl>: 154-155, with other detailed comments;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Zografou 2004">Zografou 2004</bibl>;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Bremmer 2005a">Bremmer 2005a</bibl>;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Parker 2005a">Parker 2005a</bibl>: 340 with n. 55;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Takeuchi 2010-2013">Takeuchi 2010-2013</bibl>: 97-101;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Veneciano 2014">Veneciano 2014</bibl>;
<bibl type="author_date" n="Matthaiou 2015">Matthaiou 2015</bibl>: 24-26 no. 2.</p>
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<ab subtype="Face" n="A">
Face A
<lb/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A1" n="A1"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="15" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig>ΟΔ</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A2" n="A2"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="12" unit="character" precision="low"/> <w lemma="ἐάν">ἐὰν</w> δέ <w lemma="τις">τ
<lb xml:id="line_A3" n="A3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ις</supplied></w> <w lemma="οὗτος"><supplied reason="lost">τούτον</supplied></w> <w lemma="τις"><supplied reason="lost">τι</supplied></w> <w lemma="ποιέω"><supplied reason="lost">ποι</supplied>ε̑ι</w> <name type="punishment"><w lemma="τίνω">τινέτο</w></name>
<lb xml:id="line_A4" n="A4"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character" precision="low"/> το̑ι <name type="group"><w lemma="δῆμος">δέμο
<lb xml:id="line_A5" n="A5" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied></w></name> <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="low"/> <name type="personnel"><w lemma="ἱέρεια"><unclear>h</unclear>ιέρειαν</w></name> <w lemma="παρέχω">πα
<lb xml:id="line_A6" n="A6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ρέχεν</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost"><space quantity="4" unit="character" precision="low"/></supplied><name type="festival"><w lemma="unclear"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="letter"/>ροισι</w></name> καὶ <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἑψανός">hεφ
<lb xml:id="line_A7" n="A7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">σανὰ</supplied></w></name> <supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ὀπτανός"><supplied reason="lost">ὀ</supplied>πτανά</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="festival"><w lemma="Ἄνθεια">Ἀνθεί<supplied reason="lost">ο</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_A8" n="A8" break="no"/>ισι</w></name> καὶ <name type="festival"><w lemma="Πρηρόσια">Πρ<supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied>ροσίοις</w></name> <name type="object"><w lemma="ὀβολός">ὀβολ
<lb xml:id="line_A9" n="A9" break="no"/>ὸς</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="object"><w lemma="χαλκίον">χαλκίον</w></name>· <name type="object"><name type="authority"><w lemma="ῥαβδουχέω">ῥαβδοχε̑ν</w></name></name> τὸς
<lb xml:id="line_A10" n="A10"/><name type="personnel"><w lemma="ἱεροποιός"><unclear>h</unclear>ιεροποιὸς</w></name> καὶ hὸς ἂν <w lemma="κελεύω">κελ
<lb xml:id="line_A11" n="A11" break="no"/>εύοσιν</w>· τὰ <name type="authority"><w lemma="συγγράφω">χσυγγεγραμμ
<lb xml:id="line_A12" n="A12" break="no"/>ένα</w></name> <w lemma="μή">μὲ</w> <w lemma="εἰμί">ἐ̑ναι</w> <w lemma="ἀναψηφίζω">ἀναφσεφίσα<supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied></w>,
<lb xml:id="line_A13" n="A13"/><w lemma="ἐάν">ἐὰμ</w> <w lemma="μή">μὲ</w> <w lemma="ἑκατόν">hεκατὸν</w> <w lemma="πάρειμι">παρο̑σιν</w>
<lb xml:id="line_A14" n="A14"/>το̑ν <name type="group"><w lemma="δημότης">δεμοτο̑ν</w></name> <space extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A15" n="A15"/><w lemma="ὅδε">τε̑ιδε</w> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος">χοῖρος</w></name></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="εἰς">ἐς</w> τὸ <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἐλευσίνιος">Ἐλε<unclear>υ</unclear>
<lb xml:id="line_A16" n="A16" break="no"/>σίνιον</w></name> <name type="deity" key="Daeira"><w lemma="Δάειρα">Δαίραι</w></name> <name type="animal" key="sheep"><name type="age"><name type="gender"><w lemma="ἀμνή">ἀμνὲ</w></name></name></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="quality"><w lemma="πρηρόαρχος">πρε
<lb xml:id="line_A17" n="A17" break="no"/>ρόαρχος</w></name> <space quantity="3" unit="character"/> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="εἰς">ἐς</w> τὸ <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἐλευσίνιος">Ἐλευσί
<lb xml:id="line_A18" n="A18" break="no"/>νιον</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="festival"><w lemma="προηρόσιος">πρεροσίον</w></name> <name type="animal" key="generic"><name type="age"><w lemma="τέλειος">τέλεο<unclear>ν</unclear></w></name></name>
<lb xml:id="line_A19" n="A19"/><name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θε̑λυ</w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος">χοῖρος</w></name></name> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄρρεν</w></name> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπόμε
<lb xml:id="line_A20" n="A20" break="no"/>τρα</w></name> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς">τεταρτεύς</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="ὅδε">τε̑ιδε</w> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον">hε
<lb xml:id="line_A21" n="A21" break="no"/>μιτετάρτεον</w> <space quantity="2" unit="character"/> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="festival"><w lemma="προηρόσιος">πρεροσ
<lb xml:id="line_A22" n="A22" break="no"/>ιάδον</w></name> <name type="vegetal"><w lemma="κριθή">χριθο̑ν</w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><w lemma="ὗς">hύε</w></name> <w lemma="δύο">δύο</w>
<lb xml:id="line_A23" n="A23"/><name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄρρεν</w></name> καὶ <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θέλεια</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπόμ
<lb xml:id="line_A24" n="A24" break="no"/>ετρα</w></name> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <name type="object"><w lemma="τεταρτεύς">τεταρτεύς</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="ὅδε">τε̑ιδε</w>
<lb xml:id="line_A25" n="A25"/><name type="object"><w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον">hεμιτετάρτεον</w></name> <space extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A26" n="A26"/><w lemma="εἰς">ἐς</w> τὸ <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἐλευσίνιος">Ἐλευσίνιον</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="festival"><w lemma="χλόϊα">Χλοα
<lb xml:id="line_A27" n="A27" break="no"/>ῖα</w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος">χοίρ<unclear>ο</unclear></w></name></name> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄρρεν</w></name> καὶ <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θέλει
<lb xml:id="line_A28" n="A28" break="no"/>α</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπόμετρα</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="τρεῖς">τρε̑ς</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <num value="3">∣∣∣</num> <space quantity="2" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A29" n="A29"/><w lemma="">ἐς</w> <name type="festival"><w lemma="Ἄνθεια">Ἄνθεια</w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><w lemma="ὗς">hῦς</w></name> <name type="quality"><w lemma="κριτός">κριτὲ<surplus>ν</surplus></w></name> <space quantity="1" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A30" n="A30"/><name type="quality"><name type="gender"><w lemma="κύω">κύοσα</w></name></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος">χοῖρος</w></name></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄρρεν</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπ
<lb xml:id="line_A31" n="A31" break="no"/>όμετρα</w></name> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς">τεταρτεύς</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="ὅδε">τε̑
<lb xml:id="line_A32" n="A32" break="no"/>ιδε</w> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον">hεμιτετάρτεον</w> <space quantity="2" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A33" n="A33"/><space quantity="1" unit="line"/>
<lb xml:id="line_A34" n="A34"/><del rend="erasure"><orig><unclear>Λ</unclear>Ε</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Ε</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Ρ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Ο</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig><unclear>Ο</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></del>
<lb xml:id="line_A35" n="A35"/><del rend="erasure"><gap reason="lost" quantity="18" unit="character" precision="low"/></del>
<lb xml:id="line_A36" n="A36"/><del rend="erasure"><name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς"><unclear>θ</unclear>έ<unclear>λ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied>ι<unclear>α</unclear></w></name> <orig>Ε</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character" precision="low"/></del>
<lb xml:id="line_A37" n="A37"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/><orig>Ε<unclear>Ι</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/><unclear>h</unclear><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><orig>Τ<unclear>Ο</unclear>Σ</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><orig>Ε</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>
<lb/><space quantity="1" unit="line"/>
</ab>
<ab subtype="Face" n="B">
Face B
<lb/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B1" n="B1"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Τ</unclear>Ε</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="13" unit="character" precision="low"/> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον"><supplied reason="lost">ἀπ</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B2" n="B2" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ό</supplied>μετρα</w></name> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς"><supplied reason="lost">τεταρτεύς</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <w lemma="ὅδε"><supplied reason="lost">τε̑ι</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B3" n="B3" break="no"/>δε</w> <space quantity="1" unit="character"/> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον">hεμιτ<supplied reason="lost">ετάρτεον</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost"><space quantity="2" unit="character"/></supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B4" n="B4"/><name type="festival"><w lemma="προηρόσιος">πρεροσιά<unclear>δ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ον</supplied></w></name> <name type="vegetal"><w lemma="κριθή"><supplied reason="lost">χριθο̑ν</supplied></w></name> <supplied reason="lost"><space quantity="1" unit="character"/></supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B5" n="B5"/><name type="animal" key="swine"><w lemma="ὗς">hύε</w></name> <w lemma="δύο">δύο</w> <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θέ<supplied reason="lost">λεια</supplied></w></name> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην"><supplied reason="lost">ἄρρεν</supplied></w></name>
<lb xml:id="line_B6" n="B6"/><name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπόμετρα</w></name> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς"><supplied reason="lost">τεταρτε</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B7" n="B7" break="no"/><unclear>ύ</unclear>ς</w> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <w lemma="ὅδε">τε̑ιδε</w> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον">hεμ<unclear>ι</unclear><supplied reason="lost">τετάρτε</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B8" n="B8" break="no"/>ον</w> <unclear>Ε</unclear><gap reason="lost" quantity="13" unit="character" precision="low"/> <w lemma="εἰς"><supplied reason="lost">ἐς</supplied></w>
<lb xml:id="line_B9" n="B9"/>τὸ <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἐλευσίνιος">Ἐλευσίνιο<unclear>ν</unclear></w></name> <gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B10" n="B10"/><orig><unclear>ΕΑ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="low"/>Μ<gap reason="lost" quantity="13" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B11" n="B11"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig><unclear>Π</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Δ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/><add place="overstrike"><orig><unclear>ΟΝΛΕ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="low"/></add>
<lb xml:id="line_B12" n="B12"/><orig>Α</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="17" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B13" n="B13"/><w lemma="δύο"><unclear>δ</unclear>ύο</w> <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θέλεια</w></name> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄ<supplied reason="lost">ρ</supplied>ρ<supplied reason="lost">εν</supplied></w></name> <w lemma="ἀπόμετρον"><add place="overstrike"><supplied reason="lost">ἀ</supplied>πόμ</add>|ετρα</w>
<lb xml:id="line_B14" n="B14"/><name type="deity" key="Hekate"><w lemma="Ἑκάτη">hεκάτ<supplied reason="lost">ες</supplied></w></name> <supplied reason="lost">(?)</supplied><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character" precision="low"/>| <w lemma="τρεῖς">τρε̑ς</w>
<lb xml:id="line_B15" n="B15"/><orig>ΤΕ<unclear>Λ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="12" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig><unclear>ΙΔΟ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B16" n="B16"/><orig>Α<unclear>Ρ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><orig>Ε<unclear>Ν</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig>Ο</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B17" n="B17"/><orig><unclear>Ρ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="17" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B18" n="B18"/><orig>Ε<unclear>ΚΘ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="15" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B19" n="B19"/><orig>Ε</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="17" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B20" n="B20"/><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπό<unclear>μ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ετρ</supplied><unclear>α</unclear></w> <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B21" n="B21"/><orig>ον</orig> <pc>⋮</pc> <gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/><del rend="erasure"><gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character" precision="low"/></del> <del rend="erasure"><orig><unclear>Θ</unclear></orig></del> <del rend="erasure"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></del> <del rend="erasure"><orig>Ο</orig></del><name type="animal" key="generic"><name type="age"><w lemma="τέλειος"><add place="overstrike">τέ</add>|<unclear>λ</unclear>εον</w></name></name>
<lb xml:id="line_B22" n="B22"/><add place="overstrike"><name type="deity" key="Zeus"><w lemma="Ζεὺς">Διὶ</w></name>
<name type="epithet" key="Herkeios"><w lemma="ἱερωσύνη">h<unclear>ε</unclear>ρκ<supplied reason="lost">εί</supplied>ο<unclear>ι</unclear></w></name> <orig><unclear>Ι</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="letter" precision="low"/> <supplied reason="lost">το</supplied></add>
<lb xml:id="line_B23" n="B23" break="no"/><unclear>ῖ</unclear>ν <name type="deity" key="Demeter"><name type="deity" key="Kore"><w lemma="θεός">θ<unclear>ε</unclear>ο<unclear>ῖν</unclear></w></name></name> <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character" precision="low"/> <name type="animal" key="generic"><name type="age"><w lemma="τέλειος"><supplied reason="lost">τέλε</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B24" n="B24" break="no"/>ον</w></name></name> <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς"><unclear>θε̑</unclear><supplied reason="lost">λυ</supplied></w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος"><supplied reason="lost">χοῖρος</supplied></w></name></name> <supplied reason="lost">(?)</supplied> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον"><supplied reason="lost">ἀπ</supplied><unclear>ό</unclear><supplied reason="lost">μετρ</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B25" n="B25" break="no"/>α</w></name> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς">τ<unclear>ετ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">αρτεύς</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <w lemma="ὅδε"><supplied reason="lost">τε̑ι</supplied><unclear>δ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied></w> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον"><supplied reason="lost">hε</supplied><unclear>μ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B26" n="B26" break="no"/>τε<unclear>τάρ</unclear><supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied><unclear>ε</unclear>ο<supplied reason="lost">ν</supplied></w> <gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig>Θ</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B27" n="B27"/><name type="animal" key="swine"><w lemma="ὗς">hῦ<unclear>ς</unclear></w></name> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>ο</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="9" unit="character" precision="low"/> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος"><unclear>χ</unclear>ο<supplied reason="lost">ῖ</supplied>
<lb xml:id="line_B28" n="B28" break="no"/>ρο<unclear>ς</unclear></w></name></name> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character" precision="low"/> <name type="portion"><w lemma="ἀπόμετρον"><supplied reason="lost">ἀπόμετ</supplied><unclear>ρα</unclear></w></name> <w lemma="τεταρτεύς">τε
<lb xml:id="line_B29" n="B29" break="no"/>ταρ<supplied reason="lost">τεύς</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost"><pc>⋮</pc></supplied> <w lemma="ὅδε"><supplied reason="lost">τε̑ιδε</supplied></w> <w lemma="ἡμιτέταρτον"><unclear>h</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied><unclear>μι</unclear>τετ
<lb xml:id="line_B30" n="B30" break="no"/>άρτε<unclear>ο</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ν</supplied></w> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="εἰς"><supplied reason="lost">ἐς</supplied></w> <supplied reason="lost">τὸ</supplied> <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἐλευσίνιος"><supplied reason="lost">Ἐλ</supplied><unclear>ε</unclear>υσίνιον</w></name>
<lb xml:id="line_B31" n="B31"/><name type="festival"><w lemma="χλόϊα">Χλο<unclear>α</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ῖα</supplied></w></name> <name type="animal" key="swine"><name type="age"><w lemma="χοῖρος"><supplied reason="lost">χοί</supplied>ρ<unclear>ο</unclear></w></name></name> <name type="gender"><w lemma="θῆλυς">θ<unclear>έ</unclear>λεια</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="gender"><w lemma="ἄρσην">ἄρρε
<lb xml:id="line_B32" n="B32" break="no"/>ν</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="ἀπόμετρον">ἀπό<supplied reason="lost">με</supplied>τρα</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <w lemma="τρεῖς">τρε̑ς</w> <pc>⋮</pc> <num value="3">∣∣∣</num> <space quantity="3" unit="character"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B33" n="B33"/><name type="deity" key="Hekate"><w lemma="Ἑκάτη">hεκάτες</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="personnel"><w lemma="ἱέρεια">hιερείαι</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> hο̑ν ἂν τ
<lb xml:id="line_B34" n="B34" break="no"/>ε̑ι <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="deity" key="Hekate"><w lemma="Ἑκάτη">hεκάτει</w></name> <name type="sacrifice"><w lemma="θύω">θύεται</w></name> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="portion"><w lemma="δίδωμι">διδόνα<supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied></w></name>
<lb xml:id="line_B35" n="B35"/><name type="portion"><w lemma="κωλῆ"><supplied reason="lost">κ</supplied>ολε̑ν</w></name>, <name type="portion"><w lemma="πλευρόν">πλευρόν</w></name> <space quantity="2" unit="character"/> <pc>⋮</pc> <name type="personnel"><w lemma="ζάκορος">ζακορε</w></name><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B36" n="B36"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><orig>ΟΣΑΝ</orig> <w lemma="φέρω">φέρει</w> <w lemma="καταλείπω">κατα<unclear>λ</unclear>είπε<unclear>ν</unclear></w> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B37" n="B37"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/><orig><unclear>Ν</unclear>ΟΣΚ<unclear>ΑΙΑ</unclear>ΘΑΡΕΣΚ<unclear>ΟΤ</unclear></orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb xml:id="line_B38" n="B38"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character" precision="low"/><orig><unclear>ΤΙΣΑ</unclear>Μ</orig><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character" precision="low"/>
<lb/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="line"/>
</ab>
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="eng">
<head>Translation</head>
<p>Face A </p>
<p>[...] if someone does [one of these things], let him pay [...] to the people [...] (5) the priestess provides for [...]: boiled meat and roasted meat (or: meat for boiling and for roasting); for the Antheia and Prerosia: spits for roasting; a bronze vase; (10) the <foreign>hieropoi</foreign> and whomever they command are to carry rods. It is not possible to put these writings again to the vote without the presence of hundred demesmen.</p>
<p>(15) Here (i.e. in Paiania?), a piglet; into the Eleusinion, for Daira, a female lamb, leader-of-the-Prerosia (?); into the Eleusinion, for the Prerosia, an adult female animal, a male piglet; priestly prerogative, (20) a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure for the barley grains of the Prerosia, two pigs, one male and one female; priestly prerogative, a quarter measure; here, (25) a half-quarter measure.</p>
<p>Into the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, a pair of piglets, one male and one female; priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae and 3 obols.</p>
<p>For the Antheia, (30) a selected pregnant sow, a male piglet; priestly prerogatives, a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure. [...]</p>
<p>Face B</p>
<p>[...] priestly prerogatives, [a quarter measure ...]; here, a half-quarter measure; for the pre-ploughing [barley grains], (5) two pigs, [one female and one male]; priestly prerogatives, a quarter measure; here, a half-quarter measure; [...] into the Eleusinion [... (10) ...] two, female and male [...] priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae (15) [...] (20) priestly prerogatives [...] an adult (animal); for Zeus Herkeios [...]; for the Two Goddesses [...] an adult female animal, [a piglet?]; [priestly prerogatives], (25) a quarter measure; [here, a half-]quarter measure [...] a sow (?) [...] a piglet [... priestly prerogatives], a quarter measure; [here, a half-]quarter (30) measure; into the Eleusinion, for the Chloia, a pair of piglets, one female, one male; priestly prerogatives, 3 drachmae and 3 obols.</p>
<p>Give to the priestess of Hekate, from whichever animal is sacrificed to Hekate, (35) a thigh, a side. <foreign>Zakoros</foreign> [...] brings, leave behind (?) [...]</p>
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="fre">
<head>Traduction </head>
<p>Face A</p>
<p>[...] si quelqu’un [fait l’une de ces choses], qu’il paie [...] au peuple [...]. (5) Que la prêtresse [... fournisse], pour [...] des morceaux de viande bouillie et rôtie (ou de la viande à bouillir et à rôtir); pour les Antheia et les Prerosia, des broches et un vase en bronze; (10) que les hiéropes et ceux à qui ils l’ordonneront portent les baguettes. Qu’il ne soit pas possible de remettre aux voix les prescriptions si cent démotes ne sont pas présents. </p>
<p>(15) Ici (c'est-à-dire à Paiania ?), un porcelet; à l’Éleusinion, pour Daira, une agnelle qui mène la procession des Prerosia (?); à l’Éleusinion, une femelle adulte pour les Prerosia, un porcelet mâle; comme émoluments, (20) un quart; ici, un demi-quart d’orge des Prerosia, deux porcs, un mâle et une femelle; comme émoluments, un quart; ici, (25) un demi-quart. </p>
<p>À l’Éleusinion, pour les Chloia, des porcelets, un mâle et une femelle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes et 3 oboles. </p>
<p>Pour les Antheia, (30) une truie pleine sélectionnée, un porcelet mâle; comme émoluments, un quart; ici un demi-quart. [...]</p>
<p>Face B</p>
<p>[...] comme émoluments, [un quart ...]; ici, un demi-quart ; [pour les orges] des Prerosia, (5) deux porcs, [un mâle et une femelle]; comme émoluments, [un quart]; ici, un demi-quart [...]. À l’Éleusinion [... (10) ...] deux, femelle et mâle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes (15) [...] (20) comme émoluments [...] un (animal) adulte; à Zeus Herkeios [...]; aux Deux Déesses [...] un animal femelle adulte, [un porcelet ?], [comme émoluments] (25) un quart; [ici un demi-]quart; [...] une truie (?) [...] un porcelet [... comme émoluments] un quart; [ici un demi-]quart; (30) à l’Éleusinion, pour les Chloia, des porcelets, une femelle et un mâle; comme émoluments, 3 drachmes et 3 oboles. </p>
<p>Donner à la prêtresse d’Hécate, des animaux que l'on sacrifie à Hécate, (35) une cuisse, une côte; zakore [...] apporte, laisser [...].</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<head>Commentary</head>
<p>The front face (A) of the stele can be identified as such because it seems to preserve the end of a decree of the demesmen of (Lower) Paiania concerning sacred duties (lines A1-14). This concludes with an injunction clause (on this type of clause, see Veneciano). This decree is followed by a type of sacrificial account from A15 on, which continues on the other side (B). This part of the document is probably not to be strictly seen as a calendar, as some have argued (cf. also Humphreys), since it may only preserve a loose agricultural or natural sequence. On side A, this is: Prerosia - Chloia (here: Chloaia) - Antheia. That sequence is certainly quite suggestive for a rural Attic deme: first the preparations for the ploughing and this preliminary or "pre-Ploughing" festival occurs (the literal meaning of the Prerosia); then a celebration of the budding green of plants (Chloia); and finally an occasion concerning the blooming of plants (Antheia, perhaps esp. of barley and wheat). For these festivals, see Parker (Appendix I). But it is not clear what exact chronological sequence this would have presented in the Athenian calendar, since no precise dates are mentioned. Side B may echo this apparent order but also appears less specifically calendrical: the Prerosia is alluded to in B4 and the Chloia is only mentioned much later, in B31. In fact, the list of festivals preserved in the end of the decree on side A, lines 6-8, does not appear to be chronological (the Antheia are listed before the Prerosia). </p>
<p>Beyond the provision of sacrificial animals for major rites, part of the focus of the document appears to be accounting of priestly prerogatives, here called <foreign>apometra</foreign> for priestesses (usually payable in kind, except, remarkably, in the case of the Chloia, where cash is given instead). The end of side B, lines 32-36, appears to be solely concerned with priestly prerogatives during a sacrifice to Hekate. Most of the the deities explicitly mentioned in the document are feminine (Da(e)ira and Hekate; cf. B23 for the Two Goddesses, i.e. Demeter and Kore) and the festivals likewise belong to female cults, specifically those of Demeter and Kore (see below on A18-19, 26-28, and 29-32). It may therefore be surmised that the purpose of the account was to specify the particularities and financing of female and agricultural cults in the deme of Paiania. </p>
<p>The repetitive style of the account helps to provide many of the restorations to the badly preserved text on side B, by comparison with side A, but perhaps some of these supplements are not as assured as they might seem at first glance. A further piece of the puzzle is the enigmatic deictic in the account: τε̑ιδε, starting in line A15 and <foreign>passim</foreign>. Two possible interpretations are: 1) taking this word as the adverbial "here" (so Humphreys); 2) interpreting it as a female recipient in the dative. Nilsson suggested that τε̑ιδε may designate a priestess and could be a direct reference to the one mentioned explictly in the decree, cf. A5. This is perhaps conceivable, but difficult to reconcile with the sacrifice of a piglet in A15 and the fact that priestly prerogatives are often distinguished in the text from those accorded τε̑ιδε. Sokolowski makes a case for Kourotrophos being the implied female recipient, adducing notably the frequency of this form of sacrifice to the goddess in the calendar of Erchia, <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_52/">CGRN 52</ref> (<foreign>passim</foreign>). This is difficult to imagine and would imply that the whole stele somehow implied a reference to the cult of Kourotrophos. It would also be surprising to find half-quarter measures, presumably of grain, given to this figure throughout the account (these rather seem to be smaller perquisites given locally). If the referent behind τε̑ιδε were indeed a goddess, then Demeter herself seems a much likelier option. By contrast, the first interpretation, namely that τε̑ιδε is being used adverbially, has much to recommend it and has been more widely adopted (cf. now Takeuchi 2021). This reading assumes a fairly straightforward point of reference: an implicit place, such as Paiania itself and probably one of its sanctuaries, in which the stele would have been located, rather than a goddess. That being said, the place and the goddess(es) will of course have been closely
associated with one another. This interpretation also coheres with the regular pendant to τε̑ιδε in the inscription, the phrase ἐς τὸ Ἐλευσίνιον, which is also spatial (and which probably implies a verb of sacrifice and conveyance such as φέρεν). The Eleusinion was perhaps that of the deme itself (Jameson), or rather the one in the city of Athens (Humphreys), which would then form an apt contrast with τε̑ιδε, perhaps implicitly the local Eleusinion in Paiania. Nevertheless, in this view the phrase in A15 remains rather underdetermined, since we can only infer to which recipient the piglet is being offered (presumably Demeter, but contrast the explicit mention of Daira which immediately follows). No definitive solution may be possible: the exact point of reference may have been made explicit in the decree partially preserved on side A and certainly by the context of the monument.</p>
<p>Face A</p>
<p>Lines A5-9: This clause introduces a series of provisions required of a local priestess during certain festivals, namely to provide meat for roasting and boiling, as well as cultic equipment for the deme during the relevant celebrations. Earlier readings perceived a mention of the Skira in line A6, but this is now cautioned; the exact occasion that was mentioned is now lost. The Antheia is a festival relating to the flowering of grain; see below, also on the Prerosia.</p>
<p>Lines A9-11: The carrying of rods seems to entail that the <foreign>hieropoioi</foreign> are to act with official insignia and as arbitors (cf. also Humphreys, "marshals").</p>
<p>Line A16: On the cult of Da(e)ira in Attica, see <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_56/">CGRN 56</ref>, col. II, line 12 (receiving a pregnant ewe). Here she receives a lamb, which is qualified with the novel adjective πρερόαρχος, presumably implying that this offering inaugurates the Prerosia and "leads the plough", so to speak (compare the term βόαρχος, for an ox leading a group of sacrificial animals in a procession: <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_8/">CGRN 8</ref>, line 5). On the local and obscure character of the goddess, see Parker and <bibl type="abbr" n="LSJ">LSJ</bibl> s.v.</p>
<p>Lines A18-19: The Prerosia is pre-ploughing festival of Demeter which is attested in several demes, where it occurred at different times of the Athenian year, usually in the Fall or the early Spring: cf. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_94/">CGRN 94</ref> (Eleusis), line A9; <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/">CGRN 32</ref> (Thorikos), lines 5 and 13; as well as in Piraeus <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_78/">CGRN 78</ref>, line 10; see also Hsch. s.v. Πρηροσία. It is probable that the adult female sheep is to be sacrificed to Demeter, while the male piglet may be attributed to Kore (who sometimes receives male animals) or another figure.</p>
<p>Lines A26-28: For the Chloia, see also <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/">CGRN 32</ref>, line 38; cf. also Hsch. s.v. χλοιά· ἑορτὴ ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν. A pair of male and female piglets are to be sacrificed, likely at least the female one for Demeter who normally receives female animals (Kore, by contrast, can receive male ones: cf. <bibl type="abbr" n="LSCG">LSCG</bibl> 63, Laconia, lines 12-14). This instruction is repeated almost verbatim in B30-32.</p>
<p>Lines A29-32: Very infrequently attested, the Antheia appear to be another festival in honour of Demeter and perhaps Kore, cf. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/">CGRN 32</ref>, line 44. Demeter is almost assured as the recipient of the pregnant sow, cf. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_156/">CGRN 156</ref> (Mykonos), line 12 and <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_222/">CGRN 222</ref> (Andania), lines 33 and 68, among many other parallels. On the sacrifice of pregnant animals, see Georgoudi and, for a useful collection of evidence, Bremmer. Again, the male piglet will likely have been offered to Kore (though another associated figure is not impossible).</p>
<p>Face B</p>
<p>Lines B21-25: A significant rasura in B21-22 has been used to correct a portion of the account here and some of its contents appear to differ from the preserved remainder of the repetitive account. An adult animal is apparently specified, for the deity or deities missing in the preceding lacuna in B21. Next, Zeus Herkeios was added in a rasura, probably followed by an offering. The presence of this god among the goddesses of the account is not surprising: Zeus Herkeios also appears with Demeter and Kourotrophos at Thorikos, <ref target="CGRN_32/">CGRN 32</ref>, line 22 (month Boedromion), as well as alongside Themis, Demeter and Persephone in the civic sacrificial calendar of Athens, <ref target="CGRN_45/">CGRN 45</ref>, Face A, fr. 3, col. 1-3, lines 60-64 (Eleusinia?), with commentary. See Takeuchi for further comparanda and some discussion. In the next line in the regulation from Paiania, again following Takeuchi's reading, the "Two Goddesses", Demeter and Kore, appear; these goddess seem to have been the recipients of the offerings listed in the following lines (B24-25).</p>
<p>Line B33-37: These lines, and perhaps some of the fragmentary ones following, define the perquisites of the priestess of Hekate. This appears to be a brief form of regulation that is appended to the account, with verbal forms (θύεται, διδόναι, φέρει, καταλείπεν) which are not found above. The priestly perquisites given are standard ones in Athens; for the thigh and the side, see esp. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_103/">CGRN 103</ref>, line 5. The remaining fragments appear perhaps to mention a <foreign>zakoros</foreign>, a temple-attendant (cf. νεωκόρος), as well as further ritual obligations. Takeuchi (see already 2010-2013) and Matthaiou read B36-37 as καταλείπεν [κα|ὶ ἔτ]ν̣ος κα̣ὶ̣ ἀ̣θάρες κο̣τ̣[ύλην/λας]. According to this reading, the <foreign>zakoros</foreign> might have been instructed to leave behind some (measures of) soup and gruel for Hekate. For ἔτνος, see also <ref target="CGRN_7">CGRN 7</ref>, Face A, line 38; for the standard small meals (δεῖπνα) offered to Hekate, see Zografou. The use of the verb καταλείπεν in a ritual context is not unproblematic, however, and perhaps remains to be more adequately explained.</p>
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</body>
</text>
</TEI>