CGRN 33

Small sacrificial regulation for the Anakeion at Elateia

Date :

end of 5th century BC

Justification: letterforms (Dittenberger)

Provenance

Elateia . Found in the village of Sphaka near Drachmani. Now in the Museum in Drachmani.

Support

Large stone block, perhaps a boundary stone.

  • Height: 90 cm
  • Width: 50 cm
  • Depth: 22 cm

Layout

Letters: unknown height.

Bibliography

Edition here based on Dittenberger IG IX.1 129.

Other edition: Foucart 1884.

Cf. also: Ziehen LGS II 79; Sokolowski LSCG 82.

Further bibliography: Bilco 1884; Roberts - Gardner IGE 229bis; Detienne 1979; Cole 1992; Osborne 1993; Dillon 2002; Blok 2005.

Text


ἐν το̑ι ϝα-
νακείοι

θύοντα
σκανε̑ν·
5 γυναῖκα
μὲ παρίμε[ν].

Translation

In the sanctuary of the Anakes, the one who sacrifices must put up a tent. A woman cannot enter.

Traduction

Dans le sanctuaire des Anakes, celui qui sacrifie doit dresser une tente. Une femme ne peut pas entrer.

Commentary

This text (which may have been a boundary stone) contains short regulations abour behaviour in and entrance to the sanctuary.

Lines 1-2: Various temples of the Anakes ("Lords") are attested in Athens and in Epidauros. For the references, LSJ s.v. Ἀνάκειον. For sacrifice to the Anakes in the present in the present Collection cf. CGRN 32 (Thorikos), line 37.

Lines 3-4: "The one who sacrifices" (θύοντα = τὸν θύοντα) should be taken as the subject accusative of an accusative with infinitive construction; σκανε̑̄ν is a variant of σκανοῦν, "to put up a tent". Ziehen took the infinitive in an imperatival sense and argued that σκανέω refers to setting up a tent for the post-sacrificial meal, adducing a law from Kos (LSCG 168 / IG XII.4 293, line 1) in which worshippers are urged to "sacrifice and set up a tent" ([θ]υέτω δὲ καὶ σκανοπαγείσθω). An alternative has been proposed (Bilco; Roberts - Gardner) that the verb refers to (facultative) "camping" (staying the night). In this reading, the rule would have stipulated that "the one who sacrifices may put up a tent in the sanctuary of the Anakes" (as opposed to other visitors; cf. e.g. CGRN 129 (Patara), lines 6-8, where only those offering a sacrifice are allowed to camp in the sanctuary; for a discussion of restrictions on camping in sanctuary space: Dillon, p. 123-124). However, it is difficult to see how the simple infinitive σκανε̑̄ν could be taken to mean ἐξεῖναι σκανε̑̄ν. Thus Ziehen's interpretation is to be preferred. The rule should be seen as one tantamount to a prohibition against the carrying away of meat, since it enforced "camping" in the sanctuary and accordingly prescribed overnight feasting on the spot (compare the rules stipulating "no take-away", οὐκ ἀποφορά or similar, e.g. at CGRN 52, Erchia).

Lines 5-6: For γυναῖκα μὲ παρίμεν, cf. LSJ s.v. πάρειμι (εἶμι) III. This is one of the cases in which women are forbidden entrance as a group. Such cases occur infrequently and are discussed in some detail by Cole and Osborne. Cole (p. 105) provides a list of eight similar cases, ranging from the 5th to the 2nd century BC. In some of these, the entrance of women is framed as being against the religious norm (οὐ θέμις, e.g. CGRN 27, Thasos, lines 3-4, or οὐκ ὀσία, e.g. CGRN 62, Lindos). We do not know precisely what these inscriptions prohibit, but because of their general focus on aspects of the sacrificial ritual, it is likely that they concern women’s participation in sacrifice. The status of such prohibitions against women is a matter of ongoing scholarly debate. For Detienne, p.131, women were always excluded in these contexts, and sacred laws explicitly prescribing such exclusions made a point of emphasizing (for some reason) what was anyway expected. Alternatively, women were normally included, and these inscriptions represent the exceptional case; casuistic prohitibitions against women were restricted to individual cults with particular rules of (and reasons for) exclusion (e.g. Dillon, p. 338; Blok, p. 133).

Publication

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International License 4.0 .

All citation, reuse or distribution of this work must contain somewhere a link back to the DOI (https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN33), as well as the year of consultation (see “Home” for details on how to cite or click “Export Citation” to create a reference for this specific file).

Authors

  • Jan-Mathieu Carbon
  • Saskia Peels
  • Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge

How To Cite

Brief citation of the Greek text : CGRN 33, lines x-x.

Reference to the file as a critical study of the inscription : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels et Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, "CGRN 33: Small sacrificial regulation for the Anakeion at Elateia", in Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on April 24, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.philo.ulg.ac.be/file/33/; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN33.

Full citation of the CGRN in a list of abbreviations or a bibliography is the following : Jan-Mathieu Carbon, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Collection of Greek Ritual Norms (CGRN), 2017-, consulted on April 24, 2024. URL: http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54510/CGRN0.

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	    			<author>Jan-Mathieu Carbon</author>
	    			<author>Saskia Peels</author>
				<author>Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge</author></titleStmt>
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							<p><origDate notBefore="-0425" notAfter="-0400">end of 5th century BC</origDate></p>
							
							<p><desc>Justification: letterforms (Dittenberger)</desc></p>
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		<placeName type="ancientFindspot" key="Elateia" n="Central_and_Northern_Greece"><ref target="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/540755" type="external">Elateia</ref></placeName>. Found in the village of Sphaka near Drachmani. Now in the Museum in Drachmani.
	
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	    			<head>Bibliography</head>
	    			
	    			<p> Edition here based on Dittenberger <bibl type="abbr" n="IG IX.1">IG IX.1</bibl> 129. </p>
	    			<p> Other edition: <bibl type="author_date" n="Foucart 1884">Foucart 1884</bibl>. </p>
	    			<p> Cf. also:
	    				Ziehen <bibl type="abbr" n="LGS II">LGS II</bibl> 79; 
	    				Sokolowski <bibl type="abbr" n="LSCG">LSCG</bibl> 82. </p> 
	    			<p> Further bibliography: 
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Bilco 1884">Bilco 1884</bibl>; 
	    				Roberts - Gardner <bibl type="abbr" n="IGE">IGE</bibl> 229bis;
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Detienne 1979">Detienne 1979</bibl>;
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Cole 1992">Cole 1992</bibl>; 
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Osborne 1993">Osborne 1993</bibl>;
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Dillon 2002">Dillon 2002</bibl>;
	    				<bibl type="author_date" n="Blok 2005">Blok 2005</bibl>.
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					<head>Text</head>
	    				
	    			<ab>
	
	    				<lb xml:id="line_1" n="1"/> <w lemma="ἐν">ἐν</w> το̑ι <name type="structure"><w lemma="Ἀνάκειον">ϝα
	    					
	    					<lb xml:id="line_2" n="2" break="no"/> νακείοι</w></name>
	    				
	    				<lb xml:id="line_3" n="3"/> <name type="sacrifice"><w lemma="θύω">θύοντα</w></name>
	    				
	    				<lb xml:id="line_4" n="4"/> <w lemma="σκηνέω">σκανε̑ν</w>·
	    				
	    				<lb xml:id="line_5" n="5"/> <name type="person"><w lemma="γυνή">γυναῖκα</w></name>
	    				
	    				<lb xml:id="line_6" n="6"/> <w lemma="μή">μὲ</w> <w lemma="πάρειμι">παρίμε<supplied reason="lost">ν</supplied>.</w>
	    				
	    
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					<head>Translation</head>
					<p>In the sanctuary of the Anakes, the one who sacrifices must put up a tent. A woman cannot enter.</p>
					</div>
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					<head>Traduction</head>
					<p>Dans le sanctuaire des Anakes, celui qui sacrifie doit dresser une tente. Une femme ne peut pas entrer.</p>
				
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					<div type="commentary">    
						<head>Commentary</head>    

<p> This text (which may have been a boundary stone) contains short regulations abour behaviour in and entrance to the sanctuary.</p> 
	
<p> Lines 1-2: Various temples of the Anakes ("Lords") are attested in Athens and in Epidauros. For the references, <bibl type="abbr" n="LSJ">LSJ</bibl> s.v. Ἀνάκειον. For sacrifice to the Anakes in the present in the present Collection cf. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_32/">CGRN 32</ref> (Thorikos), line 37.</p>  
		
						<p>Lines 3-4: "The one who sacrifices" (θύοντα = τὸν θύοντα) should be taken as the subject accusative of an accusative with infinitive construction; σκανε̑̄ν is a variant of σκανοῦν, "to put up a tent". Ziehen took the infinitive in an imperatival sense and argued that σκανέω refers to setting up a tent for the post-sacrificial meal, adducing a law from Kos (<bibl type="abbr" n="LSCG">LSCG</bibl> 168 / <bibl type="abbr" n="IG XII.4">IG XII.4</bibl> 293, line 1) in which worshippers are urged to "sacrifice and set up a tent" ([θ]υέτω δὲ καὶ σκανοπαγείσθω). An alternative has been proposed  (Bilco; Roberts - Gardner) that the verb refers to (facultative) "camping" (staying the night). In this reading, the rule would have stipulated that "the one who sacrifices may put up a tent in the sanctuary of the Anakes" (as opposed to other visitors; cf. e.g. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_129/">CGRN 129</ref> (Patara), lines 6-8, where only those offering a sacrifice are
allowed to camp in the sanctuary; for a discussion of restrictions on camping in sanctuary space: Dillon, p. 123-124). However, it is difficult to see how the simple infinitive σκανε̑̄ν could be taken to mean ἐξεῖναι σκανε̑̄ν. Thus Ziehen's interpretation is to be preferred. The rule should be seen as one tantamount to a prohibition against the carrying away of meat, since it enforced "camping" in the sanctuary and accordingly prescribed overnight feasting on the spot (compare the rules stipulating "no take-away", οὐκ ἀποφορά or similar, e.g. at <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_52/">CGRN 52</ref>, Erchia).</p>
								
<p>Lines 5-6: For γυναῖκα μὲ παρίμεν, cf. <bibl type="abbr" n="LSJ">LSJ</bibl> s.v. πάρειμι (εἶμι) III. This is one of the cases in which women are forbidden entrance as a group. Such cases occur infrequently and are discussed in some detail by Cole and Osborne. Cole (p. 105) provides a list of eight similar cases, ranging from the 5th to the 2nd century BC. In some of these, the entrance of women is framed as being against the religious norm (οὐ θέμις, e.g. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_27/">CGRN 27</ref>, Thasos, lines 3-4, or οὐκ ὀσία, e.g. <ref target="http://cgrn.ulg.ac.be/CGRN_62/">CGRN 62</ref>, Lindos). We do not know precisely what these inscriptions prohibit, but because of their general focus on aspects of the sacrificial ritual, it is likely that they concern women’s participation in sacrifice. The status of such prohibitions against women is a matter of ongoing scholarly debate. For Detienne, p.131,  women were always excluded in these contexts, and sacred laws explicitly prescribing such exclusions made a point of emphasizing (for some reason) what was anyway expected. Alternatively, women were normally included, and these inscriptions represent the exceptional case; casuistic prohitibitions against women were restricted to individual cults with particular rules of (and reasons for) exclusion (e.g. Dillon, p. 338; Blok, p. 133).</p>
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